anthropics_skills/skills/claude-api/shared/error-codes.md

HTTP Error Codes Reference

This file documents HTTP error codes returned by the Claude API, their common causes, and how to handle them. For language-specific error handling examples, see the python/ or typescript/ folders.

Error Code Summary

Code	Error Type	Retryable	Common Cause
400	invalid_request_error	No	Invalid request format or parameters
401	authentication_error	No	Invalid or missing API key
403	permission_error	No	API key lacks permission
404	not_found_error	No	Invalid endpoint or model ID
413	request_too_large	No	Request exceeds size limits
429	rate_limit_error	Yes	Too many requests
500	api_error	Yes	Anthropic service issue
529	overloaded_error	Yes	API is temporarily overloaded

Detailed Error Information

400 Bad Request

Causes:

• Malformed JSON in request body
• Missing required parameters (model, max_tokens, messages)
• Invalid parameter types (e.g., string where integer expected)
• Empty messages array
• Messages not alternating user/assistant

Example error:

{
  "type": "error",
  "error": {
    "type": "invalid_request_error",
    "message": "messages: roles must alternate between \"user\" and \"assistant\""
  },
  "request_id": "req_011CSHoEeqs5C35K2UUqR7Fy"
}

Fix: Validate request structure before sending. Check that:

• model is a valid model ID
• max_tokens is a positive integer
• messages array is non-empty and alternates correctly

---

401 Unauthorized

Causes:

• Missing x-api-key header or Authorization header
• Invalid API key format
• Revoked or deleted API key
• OAuth bearer token sent via x-api-key instead of Authorization: Bearer
• Both ANTHROPIC_API_KEY and ANTHROPIC_AUTH_TOKEN set — the SDK sends both headers and the API rejects the request

Fix: Set ANTHROPIC_API_KEY, or run ant auth login and leave the client constructor empty. For raw HTTP with an OAuth token, use Authorization: Bearer <token> (not x-api-key:).

---

403 Forbidden

Causes:

• API key doesn't have access to the requested model
• Organization-level restrictions
• Attempting to access beta features without beta access

Fix: Check your API key permissions in the Console. You may need a different API key or to request access to specific features.

---

404 Not Found

Causes:

• Typo in model ID (e.g., claude-sonnet-4.6 instead of claude-sonnet-4-6)
• Using deprecated model ID
• Invalid API endpoint

Fix: Use exact model IDs from the models documentation. You can use aliases (e.g., claude-opus-5).

---

413 Request Too Large

Causes:

• Request body exceeds maximum size
• Too many tokens in input
• Image data too large

Fix: Reduce input size — truncate conversation history, compress/resize images, or split large documents into chunks.

---

400 Validation Errors

Some 400 errors are specifically related to parameter validation:

• max_tokens exceeds model's limit
• Invalid temperature value (must be 0.0-1.0)
• budget_tokens >= max_tokens in extended thinking
• Invalid tool definition schema

Model-specific 400s on Claude Opus 5 / Fable 5 / Opus 4.8 / 4.7:

• temperature, top_p, top_k are removed — sending any of them returns 400. Delete the parameter; see shared/model-migration.md → Per-SDK Syntax Reference.
• thinking: {type: "enabled", budget_tokens: N} is removed — sending it returns 400. Use thinking: {type: "adaptive"} instead.
• Claude Opus 5: thinking: {type: "disabled"} returns 400 when effort is xhigh or max — it is accepted at high or below. Thinking is on by default, so omitting the param runs adaptive rather than disabling it.
• Fable 5 only: an explicit thinking: {type: "disabled"} returns 400 at any effort (it is accepted on Opus 4.8/4.7). Omit the thinking param entirely instead.
• Fable 5 only: if the organization is set to zero data retention (ZDR) — or any retention below the required 30 days — then all Fable 5 requests return 400 invalid_request_error, even with a perfectly valid payload. Check the org's retention configuration before debugging the request body.

Common mistake with extended thinking on older models (Opus 4.6 and earlier):

# Wrong: budget_tokens must be < max_tokens
thinking: budget_tokens=10000, max_tokens=1000  → Error!

# Correct
thinking: budget_tokens=10000, max_tokens=16000

---

429 Rate Limited

Causes:

• Exceeded requests per minute (RPM)
• Exceeded tokens per minute (TPM)
• Exceeded tokens per day (TPD)

Headers to check:

• retry-after: Seconds to wait before retrying
• x-ratelimit-limit-*: Your limits
• x-ratelimit-remaining-*: Remaining quota

Fix: The Anthropic SDKs automatically retry 429 and 5xx errors with exponential backoff (default: max_retries=2). For custom retry behavior, see the language-specific error handling examples.

---

500 Internal Server Error

Causes:

• Temporary Anthropic service issue
• Bug in API processing

Fix: Retry with exponential backoff. If persistent, check status.anthropic.com.

---

529 Overloaded

Causes:

• High API demand
• Service capacity reached

Fix: Retry with exponential backoff. Consider using a different model (Haiku is often less loaded), spreading requests over time, or implementing request queuing.

---

Common Mistakes and Fixes

Mistake	Error	Fix
temperature/top_p/top_k on Claude Opus 5 / Fable 5 / Opus 4.8 / 4.7	400	Remove the parameter (see shared/model-migration.md)
budget_tokens on Claude Opus 5 / Fable 5 / Opus 4.8 / 4.7	400	Use thinking: {type: "adaptive"}
thinking: {type: "disabled"} on Fable 5	400	Omit the thinking param entirely (accepted on Opus 4.8/4.7)
Org set to ZDR / retention below 30 days (Fable 5)	400 on every request	Fix the org's data-retention configuration — the payload isn't the problem
budget_tokens >= max_tokens (older models)	400	Ensure budget_tokens < max_tokens
Typo in model ID	404	Use valid model ID like claude-opus-5
First message is assistant	400	First message must be user
Consecutive same-role messages	400	Alternate user and assistant
API key in code	401 (leaked key)	Use environment variable
Custom retry needs	429/5xx	SDK retries automatically; customize with max_retries

Typed Exceptions in SDKs

Always use the SDK's typed exception classes instead of checking error messages with string matching. Each HTTP status code maps to a specific exception class per SDK.

Exception class names by language

HTTP	Python (anthropic.*) / TypeScript (Anthropic.*)	Ruby (Anthropic::Errors::*)	Java (com.anthropic.errors.*)	C#	PHP (Anthropic\Core\Exceptions\*)
400	BadRequestError	BadRequestError	BadRequestException	AnthropicBadRequestException	BadRequestException
401	AuthenticationError	AuthenticationError	UnauthorizedException	AnthropicUnauthorizedException	AuthenticationException
403	PermissionDeniedError	PermissionDeniedError	PermissionDeniedException	AnthropicForbiddenException	PermissionDeniedException
404	NotFoundError	NotFoundError	NotFoundException	AnthropicNotFoundException	NotFoundException
422	UnprocessableEntityError	UnprocessableEntityError	UnprocessableEntityException	AnthropicUnprocessableEntityException	UnprocessableEntityException
429	RateLimitError	RateLimitError	RateLimitException	AnthropicRateLimitException	RateLimitException
≥500	InternalServerError	InternalServerError	InternalServerException	Anthropic5xxException	InternalServerException
net	APIConnectionError	APIConnectionError	AnthropicIoException	AnthropicIOException	APIConnectionException
base	APIError (both); APIStatusError (Python only)	APIStatusError / APIError	AnthropicServiceException	AnthropicApiException	APIStatusException / APIException

The Ruby and PHP classes live in a dedicated errors namespace — write Anthropic::Errors::RateLimitError and Anthropic\Core\Exceptions\RateLimitException (not bare Anthropic::RateLimitError). All 4xx C# exceptions also inherit from Anthropic4xxException.

Catch most-specific first, in a chain

Order catch/except/rescue clauses from the most specific subclass to the base class, with a separate clause for each category you handle differently — retryable (429, ≥500, network) vs. non-retryable (4xx). The SDK defines a distinct class per status for exactly this reason; a single broad catch-all discards that information.

try:
    msg = client.messages.create(...)
except anthropic.NotFoundError as e:          # 404 — e.g. bad model ID
    ...
except anthropic.RateLimitError as e:         # 429 — back off and retry
    ...
except anthropic.APIStatusError as e:         # any other non-2xx HTTP response
    print(e.status_code, e.message)
except anthropic.APIConnectionError as e:     # network failure before a response
    ...

The same chain shape applies in every SDK: TypeScript instanceof Anthropic.NotFoundError → RateLimitError → APIConnectionError → APIError (check APIConnectionError before APIError — in the TypeScript SDK it's a subclass of APIError, unlike Python where it's a sibling); Ruby rescue Anthropic::Errors::NotFoundError → …::RateLimitError → …::APIStatusError; Java catch (NotFoundException) … catch (RateLimitException) … catch (AnthropicServiceException); C# catch (AnthropicNotFoundException) … catch (AnthropicRateLimitException) … catch (AnthropicApiException); PHP catch (NotFoundException) … catch (RateLimitException) … catch (APIStatusException).

Go — errors.As then branch on status

The Go SDK returns a single *anthropic.Error for all non-2xx responses. Unwrap it with errors.As, then branch on StatusCode:

_, err := client.Messages.New(ctx, params)
if err != nil {
    var apierr *anthropic.Error
    if errors.As(err, &apierr) {
        switch apierr.StatusCode {
        case 404:
            // bad model ID / resource
        case 429:
            // back off and retry
        default:
            // other API error — apierr.StatusCode, apierr.RequestID
        }
    } else {
        // transport-level error (*url.Error wrapping *net.OpError, etc.)
    }
}

Error .type Field

All APIStatusError subclasses now expose a .type property (Python: .type, TypeScript: .type, Java: .errorType(), Go: .Type(), Ruby: .type, PHP: .type) that returns the API error type string (e.g., "invalid_request_error", "authentication_error", "rate_limit_error", "overloaded_error"). Use this for programmatic error classification when you need finer granularity than the HTTP status code — for example, distinguishing "billing_error" from "permission_error" (both map to 403).

except anthropic.APIStatusError as e:
    if e.type == "rate_limit_error":
        # handle rate limiting
    elif e.type == "overloaded_error":
        # handle overload